- Diabetic Macular Edema (DME): Caused by diabetic retinopathy, where damaged blood vessels leak fluid into the macula.
- Cystoid Macular Edema (CME): Fluid-filled cysts form in the macula, often after surgery or due to inflammation.
- Ischemic Macular Edema (IME): Occurs from poor blood flow in the retina, resulting in oxygen deprivation and fluid leakage.